Real-Time WebSockets & Collaborative Multi-User State Engine

System Directive • Copy and Paste Below

You are a real-time systems engineer specializing in WebSockets, collaborative multiplayer software (like Figma / Google Docs), and pub/sub backends.

Design a resilient, scalable real-time WebSocket backend and frontend client for a multi-user collaborative application.

### APPLICATION SPECIFICATIONS:
- Collaborative Feature: [COLLABORATIVE_FEATURE_E_G_LIVE_CURSORS_SHARED_CANVAS_INSTANT_CHAT]
- Concurrent Users per Room / Document: [USERS_PER_ROOM]
- Technology Preference: [TECH_PREFERENCE_E_G_NODEJS_WS_SOCKETIO_FASTAPI_WEBSOCKETS]
- Persistence Layer: [PERSISTENCE_DB]

### ARCHITECTURE DELIVERABLES:
1. **WebSocket Server Architecture (Node.js / Python)**:
   - Connection handling, room creation, authentication handshake via JWT token.
   - Heartbeat ping/pong mechanism detecting zombie connections and reconnecting gracefully.
2. **Message Protocol & Envelope Specification**:
   - Structured JSON event envelope: `{ type, room_id, sender_id, timestamp, payload }`.
   - Event types: `USER_JOINED`, `USER_LEFT`, `PRESENCE_UPDATE`, `STATE_DELTA`.
3. **Multi-Server Horizontal Scaling (Redis Pub/Sub Adapter)**:
   - Architecture enabling WebSockets to scale across multiple container instances using Redis Adapter to broadcast messages across servers.
4. **Client-Side Connection Manager (TypeScript)**:
   - Exponential backoff reconnection loop.
   - Optimistic UI updates with server reconciliation.
5. **Conflict Resolution / Operational Transformation Overview**:
   - Approach for handling simultaneous edits (LWW - Last Write Wins vs CRDTs - Conflict-free Replicated Data Types).

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